Percentage Error Calculator

Compare an observed value to a true value and get both the signed percent error and absolute percent error. Useful for lab reports, calibration checks, and quality control.

Percentage error inputs
Compare a measured value to a known reference value.

The result you measured, estimated, or predicted.

The accepted, theoretical, or reference value.

Formula

Percent error = ((Observed - True) / True) × 100

Results
Signed percent error shows direction. Absolute percent error shows size only.

Run the calculation to see signed and absolute error measures.

Step-by-step

1. Subtract the true value from the observed value.

2. Divide that difference by the true value.

3. Multiply by 100 to convert the ratio into a percent.

Percent error formula

Percent error = ((Observed - True) / True) × 100

The numerator measures the raw difference. Dividing by the true value turns that raw difference into a relative comparison, which makes results easier to compare across different scales.

How to interpret the result

Positive percent error means the observed value is above the reference value.
Negative percent error means the observed value is below the reference value.
A smaller absolute percent error means the observation is closer to the reference value.

Frequently asked questions

What is percentage error?

Percentage error measures how far an observed or measured value is from a known true value relative to that true value. It is commonly used in science labs, engineering checks, and data validation.

Why can percentage error be negative?

The signed formula keeps direction. A negative result means the observed value is below the true value, while a positive result means the observed value is above it.

What is the difference between percentage error and absolute percent error?

Percentage error keeps the sign, so it shows whether you overestimated or underestimated. Absolute percent error removes the sign, so it only shows how large the error is.

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